‘Motiyabind’, called Cataract in english, is a prevalent eye condition, leading to vision impairment and affect millions worldwide. A cataract is a clouded patch on your eye’s natural lens, which is the transparent part of the eye, which helps with light focus. The lens, responsible for focusing light onto the retina, becomes cloudy due to protein buildup, hindering clear vision. Early on, most cataracts don’t cause any vision problems since they grow slowly with age, but eyesight gets affected eventually with cataracts. The sole treatment for cataracts is surgery, Medication such as eye drops or injections are not effective in treating cataracts. Patient should undergo cataract surgery as soon as the surgeon or the doctor advises the surgery should be performed. Delaying the treatment can cause severe vision loss which can lead to complete blindness.
Types of cataracts
Many people have this question in their mind that how does cataract form? Or what are the types of cataract?
Cataracts are of several types. With different physical consequences and growth patterns, each type of cataract develops in a particular area of the lens. Listed below are the different types of cataracts:
Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts (Back of Lens)
Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) occur in the back part of the lens, apart from the capsule that maintains it in place. The cataract progressively restricts light’s passage and produces glare as it grows. Patients with increased blood sugar, eye damage, receiving steroid treatment or surgery are often diagnosed with this kind of cataract. However, individuals with completely normal eyes who do not meet all of these criteria may still develop a PSC cataract. PSC cataracts can occasionally be found in young children and even newborns.
Nuclear Sclerosis Cataracts (Center of Lens)
Nuclear sclerotic cataract (also known as a “nuclear cataract”) is the most prevalent type of cataract, which is caused by increasing age. The core, or nucleus, of the lens is affected by nuclear cataracts. The lens gradually becomes hard and develops a thick yellow or brown colour over time when this kind of cataract occurs. The strange thing about this condition is that some patients report abrupt changes in their vision in the early stages, such as improvements in reading or nearsightedness. It is important to note that this occurrence, sometimes known as “second sight,” is temporary. Nearsightedness is typically less affected by nuclear cataracts than is distant vision.
Cortical Cataracts (Outer Layer of Lens)
Cortical cataract impacts the lens’ outer layer. When opacities develop in the cortex of the lens, this type of cataract occurs. Early signs of the cortical cataract include the formation of tiny cloudy spots or white streaks inside the lens cortex. The term “cortical spokes” refers to these white streaks that have the potential to develop all the way to the centre of the lens as the cortical cataracts get worse. When this happens, the streaks may prevent light from normally entering the lens, which can lead to glares, light sensitivity, blurry vision, and issues perceiving depth.
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