A colonoscopy is a medical test that allows doctors to examine the large intestine, also known as the colon. It plays an important role in detecting conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, and inflammation. In Singapore,colonoscopy procedure recommended for both screening and diagnostic purposes. This guide explains what the procedure involves, how to prepare, what happens during the test, and what to expect afterward.
What is a Colonoscopy?
Purpose of a Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy helps detect abnormal growths, ulcers, bleeding, or signs of colorectal cancer. Early detection through this procedure can increase treatment options and improve outcomes.
When is it Recommended?
Doctors may suggest a colonoscopy if a patient experiences symptoms like rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, chronic abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits. It is also part of routine screening for individuals over 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer.
Preparing for a Colonoscopy in Singapore
Dietary Adjustments
Patients are usually advised to follow a low-fiber diet for several days before the procedure. The day before, clear liquids such as broth, plain tea, or apple juice are often recommended.
Bowel Preparation
A clean colon is essential for accurate results. Patients are given a bowel preparation solution that clears the intestines. This step can be uncomfortable, but it ensures the doctor can clearly view the colon lining.
Medication Review
Doctors may review current medications, especially blood thinners, diabetes medication, or supplements. Some may need to be adjusted before the procedure to avoid complications.
The Colonoscopy Procedure Step by Step
Arrival at the Clinic or Hospital
On the day of the procedure, patients arrive at the medical facility in Singapore where the test will be performed. A nurse will assist with registration and preparation.
Sedation and Comfort
Most colonoscopies are done under sedation. This ensures that patients remain comfortable and relaxed throughout the test. An intravenous line is placed, and a sedative is administered.
Insertion of the Colonoscope
The doctor gently inserts a thin, flexible tube called a colonoscope into the rectum. The scope has a small camera that transmits images onto a screen, allowing the doctor to examine the colon.
Examination of the Colon
The colonoscope is slowly advanced through the large intestine. The doctor checks for abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or growths. If needed, air or carbon dioxide may be introduced to expand the colon for better visibility.
Removal of Polyps or Tissue Sampling
If the doctor finds polyps or suspicious tissue, they may remove them during the procedure. A biopsy can also be taken for further examination in the laboratory.
After the Colonoscopy
Immediate Recovery
Patients are monitored in a recovery area until the effects of sedation wear off. Mild bloating or cramping may occur due to the air introduced into the colon, but these symptoms usually pass quickly.
Results Discussion
In many cases, doctors can share preliminary findings immediately after the procedure. If a biopsy was taken, results are available after laboratory testing.
Returning Home
Because sedation is used, patients should arrange for someone to accompany them home. Normal diet and activities can usually be resumed the following day unless otherwise advised.
Risks and Safety of Colonoscopy
Common Side Effects
Temporary bloating, gas, or mild discomfort are the most common side effects after a colonoscopy. These usually resolve within a day.
Rare Complications
Although the procedure is considered safe, rare risks include bleeding, infection, or perforation of the colon wall. The medical team in Singapore is trained to manage these complications if they occur.
Alternatives to Colonoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
This procedure examines only the lower part of the colon. It is shorter but less comprehensive than a colonoscopy.
CT Colonography
Also known as a virtual colonoscopy, this imaging test uses CT scans to view the colon. However, if abnormalities are found, a traditional colonoscopy is still required for removal or biopsy.
Stool Tests
Stool-based tests can detect blood or genetic markers linked to colorectal cancer. While convenient, they are not as thorough as a colonoscopy.
Colonoscopy as a Screening Tool in Singapore
National Screening Guidelines
In Singapore, adults aged 50 and above are encouraged to undergo colorectal cancer screening. Colonoscopy is one of the preferred methods due to its ability to detect and remove polyps in the same session.
Importance of Early Detection
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Singapore. Detecting and removing precancerous polyps through colonoscopy greatly reduces the risk of cancer development.
Key Takeaways
A colonoscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosing and preventing conditions of the colon. In Singapore, it is a recommended screening method, especially for individuals at higher risk of colorectal cancer. Understanding each step of the procedure helps reduce anxiety and encourages timely screening. While the preparation may feel inconvenient, the benefits of early detection and prevention make the process worthwhile.
